The Ministry of Health (MOH), through the Ghana Health Service (GHS), has issued a nationwide health alert urging Ghanaians to take extra precautions during the harmattan season. In a statement signed by the Acting Director-General of the GHS, the Service emphasized that the dry, dusty winds characteristic of the harmattan pose multiple health threats affecting the skin, eyes, respiratory system, and overall wellbeing.

The advisory, dated December 1, highlights that the harmattan’s harsh conditions, marked by low humidity, dust-laden air, and wide temperature fluctuations, significantly increase vulnerability to both minor and severe health complications.

Major Health Risks During the Harmattan Season

According to the GHS, the following conditions are of major concern during this period:

1. Skin Problems

The dry air strips the skin of moisture, leading to dryness, irritation, cracking, and chapped lips. The Service notes that the skin becomes more fragile and susceptible to infections when not properly moisturized.

2. Dehydration

The harmattan’s dry winds accelerate water loss from the body. Without consistent fluid intake, individuals—especially children and the elderly—face heightened risk of dehydration.

3. Respiratory Issues

Dust levels surge during harmattan, increasing the incidence of respiratory infections and worsening conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and allergic reactions.

4. Eye Problems

Low humidity and dust contribute to eye dryness, irritation, redness, and infections such as conjunctivitis.

5. Meningitis Risk

Ghana falls within the African “meningitis belt,” and the dry season historically records spikes in meningitis cases. The GHS reiterated that harmattan conditions create an environment favorable for the spread of the disease.

GHS Releases Preventive Guidelines for a Healthy Harmattan

To minimize the health impact of the season, the GHS is urging the public to adhere to the following preventive measures:

• Moisturize frequently using oil-based products such as shea butter to maintain healthy skin.
• Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated.
• Eat water-rich foods, including fruits like watermelon and soups.
• Wear face masks in dusty environments to reduce inhalation of harmful particles.
• Asthma patients and individuals with respiratory conditions should avoid dust, reduce outdoor activities, and consistently wear protective masks.
• Use sunglasses or protective eyewear to shield the eyes from dust.
• Wash hands regularly and avoid touching the eyes and face.
• Seek immediate medical attention from the nearest health facility when feeling unwell.

The Ministry assured the public that it remains committed to promoting health and protecting lives throughout the harmattan season and beyond.

“We encourage everyone to follow these health tips for a safe and healthy season,” the GHS urged.